Which of the following is NOT an example of a density-independent factor?

Density-independent factors are those that affect population size regardless of the population's density. These can include environmental events or conditions that impact organisms and populations without being influenced by the number of individuals in the area.

Competition, on the other hand, is a density-dependent factor because its effects become more pronounced as population density increases. When a population is large, the competition for limited resources such as food, space, and mates intensifies, which can limit population growth. In contrast, seasonal cycles, natural disasters, and unusual weather events can affect populations regardless of their density; for example, a storm or drought can devastate a population whether it is small or large. Thus, the correct answer identifies competition, as it relies on population dynamics rather than being an external environmental factor that operates independently of population density.