Which method of coal extraction is considered cheap and removes all vegetation?

The method of coal extraction identified as being both cost-effective and capable of removing all vegetation is surface mining. This mining technique involves stripping away the layers of soil and rock above coal deposits to access the coal directly.

Surface mining is often chosen for its economic advantages; it typically requires less labor and uses larger machinery compared to underground mining, which can be more complex and costly due to the need for extensive tunneling and ventilation systems. Additionally, surface mining's impact on the landscape includes the removal of vegetation and topsoil to expose the coal seams, which accounts for its classification in this context.

This option distinguishes itself by its efficiency and the scale at which coal can be extracted, making it a prevalent method in regions where the coal deposits are close to the surface. The extensive removal of vegetation and the alteration of the landscape are significant aspects of this method, which can lead to substantial ecological changes in the area being mined.