What is the term for a relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed?

The correct term for a relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed is commensalism. In this type of interaction, the benefiting organism gains some advantage, such as food or shelter, without affecting the other organism positively or negatively. A classic example of commensalism is barnacles attaching to a whale; the barnacle gains mobility and access to nutrient-rich waters, while the whale remains unaffected.

In contrast, mutualism involves both organisms benefiting from the relationship, like bees pollinating flowers while obtaining nectar. Parasitism describes a relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other, as seen in ticks feeding on mammals. Competition, on the other hand, occurs when organisms vie for the same resources, which can be detrimental to both. These distinctions clarify why commensalism is the correct identification for the relationship described in the question.