What is an inference?

An inference is a logical explanation that is drawn from prior knowledge and experience. It allows individuals to extend their understanding beyond the immediate information available and interpret the implications of observations. When we make inferences, we combine what we know to arrive at conclusions that help us understand situations or data better. This process relies on critical thinking and reasoning skills, drawing on past experiences to make sense of new information.

The other options, while related to scientific concepts, reflect different aspects of scientific inquiry. For instance, a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations pertains specifically to a hypothesis, while predicting future events is more related to forecasting based on data trends. Measurement of an unknown variable deals with data collection and quantification rather than deductive reasoning or developing an understanding based on existing knowledge. Thus, the emphasis on drawing logical conclusions based on past experiences firmly aligns with the definition of an inference.