What is a characteristic of both laws and theories in science?

A fundamental characteristic of both laws and theories in science is that they must be testable. This means that they can be supported or refuted through experimentation and observation. Science relies on empirical evidence, and both laws and theories are grounded in data collected through scientific methods.

Laws typically describe relationships observed in nature, often in the form of mathematical equations, while theories provide explanations for phenomena and can encompass a broader range of observations. Both need to withstand scrutiny and be validated by repeatable results. The testability of scientific statements is essential for their acceptance and use in advancing knowledge.

The other options highlight misconceptions about the nature of scientific laws and theories. While there's a degree of stability in established scientific concepts, they are not immutable; scientific understanding can evolve with new evidence. Furthermore, not all laws have physical components, and scientific theories are not based on conjecture, but rather on systematic observations and validation.