What does succession refer to in an ecological context?

Succession in an ecological context refers to the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. This progression involves a series of stages where one biological community gradually replaces another, leading to a more stable community often referred to as a climax community. For example, after a disturbance such as a fire or glacial retreat, different species will colonize the area in a sequential manner. Initially, pioneer species such as mosses or lichens may establish themselves, followed by grasses, shrubs, and eventually larger trees as conditions improve.

This concept emphasizes the dynamic nature of ecosystems and how they are shaped by both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. Therefore, understanding succession is crucial for ecology, as it provides insights into ecological recovery, biodiversity, and the resilience of habitats in the face of changes.