What characterizes random error?

Random error is characterized by errors that cannot be predicted and vary in a random manner. This type of error occurs unpredictably and can result from numerous uncontrollable factors affecting measurements, such as slight fluctuations in environmental conditions or variations in the observer's readout. Because these errors do not have a consistent pattern and do not favor one direction (i.e., they can skew higher or lower), they can lead to variations in the data collected. This aspect distinguishes random error from systematic errors, which would introduce consistent deviations from the true value. Understanding random error is crucial in scientific research, as it highlights the inherent variability that can influence the accuracy of experimental results.