What can increase the biomass in an ecosystem?

Increasing the biomass in an ecosystem is primarily related to the availability of energy, as this impacts the productivity of the organisms within that ecosystem. When energy availability increases, whether through enhanced sunlight, improved water access, or higher nutrient levels in the soil, plants (producers) can photosynthesize more efficiently. This results in greater plant growth, leading to an increase in the biomass of the plant population. As plants are the base of the food web, an increase in their biomass also supports a wider variety and larger populations of herbivores (primary consumers), which in turn can support more carnivores and higher trophic levels.

In contrast, a reduction in sunlight or an increase in pollutants would negatively affect energy conversion processes and the health of organisms in the ecosystem. Similarly, a reduction in biodiversity could lead to a less resilient ecosystem, making it more vulnerable to changes and reducing overall biomass over time. Thus, the correct choice reflects the critical role of energy availability in promoting growth and expansion of biomass across ecosystems.