What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

The two main types of nucleic acids are indeed DNA and RNA. These molecules are essential for all forms of life and serve critical roles in storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, houses the genetic blueprint of an organism and is responsible for long-term storage of information. It is structured as a double helix and consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

On the other hand, RNA, or ribonucleic acid, plays several roles in the middle of genetic expression. It is typically single-stranded and is involved in various biological processes, including serving as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins. Different types of RNA exist, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), each serving a unique function in the overall processes of transcription and translation.

In contrast, other options such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are not nucleic acids. They instead represent different classes of biological macromolecules that have their own distinct structures and functions within cells. For example, proteins are made from amino acids and play roles in catalyzing biochemical reactions