How do greenhouse gases primarily affect Earth’s temperature?

Greenhouse gases primarily affect Earth's temperature by absorbing and trapping heat energy in the atmosphere. These gases, which include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, allow sunlight to enter the Earth's atmosphere and reach the surface. When the Earth's surface absorbs this solar energy, it warms up and then radiates heat back toward space. Greenhouse gases capture some of this outgoing heat, preventing it from escaping. This process is known as the greenhouse effect and is crucial for maintaining the planet's temperature within a range that supports life.

The effectiveness of greenhouse gases in trapping heat is vital for understanding climate change and global warming. An increase in the concentration of these gases enhances the greenhouse effect, leading to an increase in Earth’s average temperature. This warming can have various impacts on weather patterns, sea levels, and ecosystems across the globe.