How are qualitative observations typically characterized?

Qualitative observations are characterized by the use of descriptive language rather than numerical data. These observations focus on qualities or characteristics that can be perceived through the senses, such as color, texture, smell, and general appearance. For instance, describing a flower as "red" or "fragrant" conveys information about its attributes without relying on exact figures or measurements.

The other options emphasize numerical or statistical frameworks that are typically associated with quantitative observations. Numerical measurements and calculated results directly imply the usage of numbers for analysis, while statistical analysis involves processing quantitative data to derive conclusions. Therefore, these approaches do not align with the nature of qualitative observations, which are distinctly bounded to descriptive terms.